body {
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
    -webkit-box-sizing: border-box;
    box-sizing: border-box;
    font-family: "Poppins", sans-serif;
    background-color: var(--primary-color);
}

html {
    scroll-behavior: smooth
}

a,
body,
h1,
h2,
h3,
h4,
h5,
h6,
html,
li,
p,
ul {
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0
}


/* ===== Scrollbar CSS ===== */
/* Firefox */
::-webkit-scrollbar {
    scrollbar-width: thin;
    scrollbar-color: #212428 #ffffff;
}

/* Chrome, Edge, and Safari */
::-webkit-scrollbar-track {
    -webkit-box-shadow: inset 0 0 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
    background-color: #F5F5F5;
}

::-webkit-scrollbar {
    width: 0px;
    background-color: #F5F5F5;
}

::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb {
    background-color: #000000;
    border: 2px solid #555555;
}


:root {
    --primary-color: #191923;
    --secondary-color: #e2e8f0;
    --theme-main-color: #f0e68c;
    --theme-focus-color: #9bf1ff;
    --theme-slate-color: #475569;
    --theme-white-color: #ffffff;
    --theme-bg-color: #2C2C38;
}

.theme-main-color {
    color: #f0e68c;
}



@media only screen and (max-width:767px) {

    .site-background .name {
        position: absolute;
        top: -250px
    }

    .tagline h6 {
        font-size: 10px
    }
}




.scroll-down {
    position: absolute;
    bottom: 50px;
    left: 50%;
    transform: translateX(-50%);
    text-align: center;
    font-size: 1rem;
    color: #333;
    text-decoration: none;
    animation: bounce 2s infinite;
    font-weight: bold;
}

.scroll-down i {
    font-size: 2rem;
    display: block;
    color: #333;
}

@keyframes bounce {
    0%, 20%, 50%, 80%, 100% {
        transform: translate(-50%, 0);
    }
    40% {
        transform: translate(-50%, -10px);
    }
    60% {
        transform: translate(-50%, -5px);
    }
}

html {
    scroll-behavior: smooth;
}



.banner {
    width: 100%;
    background-size: cover;
    background-repeat: no-repeat;
    background-image: url(../images/creative2-banner-bg4.jpg);
    padding: 130px 0;
    background-position: center 50%;
    background-attachment: fixed;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    z-index: 0;
    position: relative;
}

.banner::before {
    content: " ";
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    left: 0;
    height: 100%;
    width: 100%;
    background-color: var(--primary-color);
    z-index: -1;
    opacity: .5
}

.banner .banner-caption {
    width: 100%;
    text-align: left;
}

.banner .banner-caption h1 {
    font-size: 62px;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--theme-white-color);
}


.banner .banner-caption p {
    font-size: 18px;
    color: var(--theme-white-color);
    width: 40%;
}

.banner .banner-caption h6 {
    font-size: 18px;
    letter-spacing: 2px;
    color: var(--theme-main-color);
    text-transform: uppercase;
    margin-top: 40px;
    margin-bottom: 5px;
}

.banner .banner-caption h4 {
    font-size: 14px;
    color: var(--secondary-color);
    margin-top: 50px;
    margin-bottom: 20px;
}

.banner .banner-caption h4 a {
    font-size: 16px;
    color: var(--theme-main-color);
    text-decoration: none;
}

.banner .banner-caption .cv-main-btn {
    background-color: #00000040;
    border-radius: 50px;
    padding: 10px 40px;
    border: 1px solid var(--theme-main-color);
    display: inline-block;
    color: var(--theme-main-color);
    text-decoration: none;
    transition: 0.5s;
    margin-top: 20px;
}

.banner .banner-caption .cv-main-btn:hover {
    background-color: var(--primary-color);
}



.banner-social-icons {
    margin-top: 40px;
    display: flex;
    gap: 15px;
}

.banner-social-icons img {
    width: 30px;
}

.banner-social-icons a {
    display: flex;
    font-size: 20px;
    line-height: 26px;
    text-align: center;
    background-color: #00000040;
    border-radius: 50%;
    width: 60px;
    height: 60px;
    justify-content: center;
    -webkit-box-align: center;
    -ms-flex-align: center;
    align-items: center;
    text-decoration: none;
    transition: 0.5s;
}

.banner-social-icons a i {
    color: var(--secondary-color);
    -webkit-transition: .2s all ease;
    -o-transition: .2s all ease;
    transition: .2s all ease
}

.banner-social-icons a:hover {
    border: 1px solid var(--theme-main-color);
    background-color: var(--primary-color);
}


@media screen and (max-width:768px) {

    .banner .banner-caption h1 {
        font-size: 40px;
        font-weight: 600
    }

    .banner .banner-caption p {
        font-size: 15px
    }
}




section.services {
    padding: 100px 0;
}

section.services .dls-card {
    display: block;
    background-color: #2C2C38;
    text-decoration: none;
    padding: 60px 40px;
    background-position: center;
    background-repeat: no-repeat;
    background-size: cover;
    z-index: 0;
    position: relative;
    margin-bottom: 30px;
    min-height: 260px;
}


section.services .dls-card::before {
    content: " ";
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    left: 0;
    height: 100%;
    width: 100%;
    background-color: var(--primary-color);
    z-index: -1;
    opacity: .8
}


section.services .dls-card:hover:before {
    background-color: var(--primary-color);
    z-index: -1;
    opacity: .6;
    transition: 0.3s;
}

section.services .dls-card h2 {
    font-size: 30px;
    color: var(--theme-main-color);
    margin-bottom: 30px;
}

section.services .dls-card p {
    font-size: 16px;
    color: var(--theme-white-color);
}

.social-icons a {
    display: -webkit-inline-box;
    display: -ms-inline-flexbox;
    display: inline-flex;
    font-size: 18px;
    line-height: 26px;
    text-align: center;
    margin-right: 10px;
    background-color: var(--theme-bg-color);
    border-radius: 50%;
    border: 1px solid var(--theme-bg-color);
    width: 40px;
    height: 40px;
    -webkit-transition: .2s all ease;
    -o-transition: .2s all ease;
    transition: .2s all ease;
    justify-content: center;
    -webkit-box-align: center;
    -ms-flex-align: center;
    align-items: center;
    text-decoration: none
}

.social-icons a i {
    color: var(--secondary-color);
    -webkit-transition: .2s all ease;
    -o-transition: .2s all ease;
    transition: .2s all ease
}

.social-icons a:hover {
    border: 1px solid var(--theme-main-color);
}




section.research {
    padding: 150px 0 100px 0
}

section.research a {
    text-decoration: none;
    color: var(--theme-main-color);
}

section.research .name {
    width: 100%;
    float: left;
    border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, .2);
    padding-bottom: 35px;
    margin-bottom: 32px
}

section.research .name h3 {
    text-transform: uppercase;
    font-weight: 600;
    font-size: 30px;
    letter-spacing: 4px;
    position: relative;
    color: var(--theme-main-color);
}


section.research .name span {
    display: inline-block;
    padding-top: 10px;
    color: var(--secondary-color);
}




.research-banner {
    background-image: url('../images/blackhole-banner.jpg'); /* ✅ Adjust the path */
    background-size: cover;
    background-position: center;
    height: 70vh;
    color: white;
    position: relative;
    padding: 2rem;
}

.blog-banner {
    background-image: url('../images/blog-bg.jpg'); /* ✅ Adjust the path */
    background-size: cover;
    background-position: center;
    height: 70vh;
    color: white;
    position: relative;
    padding: 2rem;
}

.research-banner::before {
    content: "";
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    left: 0;
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4); /* ✅ Lightened overlay from 0.55 to 0.4 */
    z-index: 1;
}

.quote-text {
    position: relative;
    z-index: 2;
    max-width: 1000px;
    margin: 0 auto;
    padding: 2rem;
}

.quote-text h1 {
    font-size: 2rem; /* ✅ Increased font size */
    font-weight: 600;
    line-height: 1.6;
    color: #ffffff; /* ✅ Ensure full white text */
    text-shadow: 1px 1px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6); /* ✅ Add shadow for readability */
}

.quote-text .author {
    margin-top: 1.5rem;
    font-size: 1.25rem;
    font-style: italic;
    color: #f0f0f0;
}


.resources-page {
    background-color: #a4b2ba;
    padding-top: 4rem;
    padding-bottom: 4rem;
}

/* Accordion inside resources only */
.resources-page .accordion-item {
    border: none;
    border-bottom: 1px solid white;
    background-color: transparent;
}

.resources-page .accordion-button {
    background-color: transparent;
    box-shadow: none;
    border: none;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: #000;
}

.resources-page .accordion-button:not(.collapsed) {
    color: #000;
    background-color: transparent;
}

.resources-page .accordion-body {
    color: #000;
}

.resources-page .accordion-body a {
    color: #004080;
    text-decoration: none;
}

.resources-page .accordion-body a:hover {
    text-decoration: underline;
}


/* Light blue blog box */
.blog-box {
    background-color: #a4b2ba;  /* Light blue */
    border-radius: 8px;          /* Rounded corners */
    padding: 15px;               /* Inner spacing */
    transition: transform 0.2s, box-shadow 0.2s; /* Smooth hover effect */
}

.blog-box:hover {
    transform: translateY(-5px); /* Slight lift on hover */
    box-shadow: 0 8px 20px rgba(0,0,0,0.15); /* Subtle shadow */
}

.blog-box .title {
    color: #000000; /* Optional: darker blue for the title */
    margin-bottom: 15px; /* Space below the title */
}

.blog-box .details p {
    color: #000000; /* Black text for readability */
}


section.research .research-box {
    margin-bottom: 30px;
    -webkit-transition: .5s;
    -o-transition: .5s;
    transition: .5s;
    border: 1px solid var(--theme-bg-color)
}

section.research .research-box:hover {
    -webkit-box-shadow: none;
    box-shadow: none;
    border: 1px solid var(--theme-main-color);
    -webkit-transition: .5s;
    -o-transition: .5s;
    transition: .5s
}

section.research .research-box .details {
    padding: 20px;
    background-color: var(--theme-bg-color);
}


section.research .research-box .image img {
    height: 200px;
    width: 100%;
    object-fit: cover;
}

section.research .research-box .title {
    margin: 0;
    font-size: 18px;
    font-weight: 500;
    color: var(--theme-main-color);
    line-height: 1.4;
    overflow: hidden;
    -o-text-overflow: ellipsis;
    text-overflow: ellipsis;
    display: -webkit-box;
    -webkit-line-clamp: 2;
    -webkit-box-orient: vertical;
    padding: 35px 20px 0px;
    background-color: var(--theme-bg-color);
}

section.research .research-box .details p {
    font-size: 16px;
    font-weight: 400;
    color: var(--secondary-color);
    display: -webkit-box;
    -webkit-box-orient: vertical;
    -webkit-line-clamp: 2;
    overflow: hidden;
}

section.research .research-box .details .read-btn {
    margin-top: 20px
}

section.research .research-box .details .read-btn a {
    text-decoration: none;
    color: var(--theme-main-color);
    position: relative;
    display: inline-block;
    padding-left: 0;
    -webkit-transition: all .3s ease;
    -o-transition: all .3s ease;
    transition: all .3s ease
}

section.research .research-box .details .read-btn a:hover {
    padding-left: 45px
}

section.research .research-box .details .read-btn a:before {
    position: absolute;
    content: "";
    width: 0;
    height: 1px;
    background-color: var(--theme-main-color);
    left: 0;
    top: 50%;
    -webkit-transform: translateY(-50%);
    -ms-transform: translateY(-50%);
    transform: translateY(-50%);
    -webkit-transition: all .3s ease;
    -o-transition: all .3s ease;
    transition: all .3s ease
}

section.research .research-box .details .read-btn a:hover:before {
    width: 35px
}

section.research .research-button .main-btn {
    display: inline-block;
    background-color: var(--theme-bg-color);
    padding: 15px 50px;
    border: 2px solid var(--primary-color);
    color: #fff;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    font-size: 15px;
    border-radius: 50px;
    font-weight: 600;
    cursor: pointer;
    margin-top: 20px;
    text-decoration: none;
    -webkit-transition: .5s;
    -o-transition: .5s;
    transition: .5s;
    -webkit-box-shadow: 0 0 85px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, .14);
    box-shadow: 0 0 85px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, .14)
}


section.research {
    padding: 5rem 0
}

section.research .content-title {
    color: var(--secondary-color);
    text-transform: uppercase;
    font-weight: 700;
    font-size: 30px;
    margin: 2rem 0
}

section.research .content-title a {
    color: var(--theme-main-color);
}

section.research .content-text {
    color: var(--secondary-color);
    font-size: 16px;
    line-height: 32px
}


@media screen and (max-width:768px) {

    section.research .name h3 .bg {
        display: none
    }

    section.research .name h3 {
        font-size: 20px
    }

    section.research {
        padding: 70px 0
    }

    .research .content-title {
        font-size: 20px;
        margin: 1rem 0
    }

}

.contact {
    padding: 3em 0;
    text-align: center;
    background: var(--primary-color);
    background: url(../images/Northern_Lights-banner1.jpg);
    background-attachment: fixed;
    background-position: center;
    background-repeat: no-repeat;
    background-size: cover
}

.contact h2 {
    color: var(--secondary-color);
    font-size: 24px;
    font-weight: 500;
    letter-spacing: 0.5px;
}

.contact h2 span {
    color: var(--theme-main-color)
}

.contact .contact-btn {
    display: inline-block;
    background-color: var(--primary-color);
    padding: 10px 40px;
    border: 1px solid var(--theme-main-color);
    color: var(--theme-main-color);
    -webkit-transition: .2s background-color ease;
    -o-transition: .2s background-color ease;
    transition: .2s background-color ease;
    font-size: 15px;
    font-weight: 600;
    cursor: pointer;
    margin-top: 20px;
    text-decoration: none;
    -webkit-transition: .5s;
    -o-transition: .5s;
    transition: .5s;
    letter-spacing: 1px;
    border-radius: 50px
}

@media screen and (max-width:768px) {
    .contact h2 {
        font-size: 30px
    }
}

.tagline {
    background-color: var(--primary-color);
    padding: 20px 0;
}

.tagline h6 {
    color: var(--theme-slate-color);
    font-size: 14px;
}





section.publications {
    padding: 5rem 0;
}

section.publications h1 {
    color: var(--secondary-color);
    font-weight: 700;
    font-size: 30px;
    margin: 2rem 0;
}

section.publications h2 {
    color: var(--theme-main-color);
    font-weight: 500;
    font-size: 18px;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 2px;
    margin: 1rem 0;
}

section.publications ol {
    padding-left: 20px;
}

section.publications ol li {
    color: var(--secondary-color);
    margin-bottom: 30px;
}

section.publications ol li a {
    border-bottom: dotted 1px var(--theme-main-color);
    color: var(--secondary-color);
    text-decoration: none;
    line-height: 30px;
    transition: 0.5s;
    font-weight: 300;
}

section.publications ol li a:hover {
    border-bottom: dotted 1px var(--theme-bg-color);
    color: var(--theme-focus-color);
}



section.broader-impacts {
    padding: 5rem 0;
    background-color: #f9f9f9; /* light gray background */
}

section.broader-impacts h1 {
    color: #333333;
    font-weight: 700;
    font-size: 30px;
    margin: 2rem 0;
}

.outreach-card img {
    width: 100%;
    aspect-ratio: 1 / 1.1; /* Makes the image perfectly square */
    object-fit: cover;
    border-radius: 8px; /* Optional: round the corners */
}





section.brief-bio-data {
    padding: 5rem 0;
}

section.brief-bio-data h1 {
    color: var(--secondary-color);
    font-weight: 700;
    font-size: 30px;
    margin: 2rem 0;
}

section.brief-bio-data h2 {
    color: var(--theme-main-color);
    font-weight: 500;
    font-size: 18px;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 2px;
    margin: 1rem 0;
}

section.brief-bio-data ul {
    padding-left: 20px;
}

section.brief-bio-data ul li {
    color: var(--secondary-color);
    margin-bottom: 10px;
    font-weight: 300;
}